| Exams Essay

Exams

1. A family is usually defined as a group of people related by ______________ , who live together in a common household

A. marriage

B. ancestry

C. adoption

D. all of the above

2. In the classic study of societies throughout the world and history, Murdock found three-fourths of all societies allow for

A. matriarchal families

B. matrilocal families

C. monogamy only

D. polygamy

3. Agricultural societies are more likely to have:

A. nuclear families

B. matriarchal families

C. extended families

D. matrilocal families

4. Which of the following countries had the highest rate of children born per women at the end of the 1990s?

A. Italy

B. United States

C. Germany

D. Japan

5. Birth rates among women in the United States are higher among

A. the poor

B. the middle class

C. the rich

D. none of the above; they are the same among all income groups

6. In the United States, the divorce rate is highest among

A. whites

B. those who marry as teenagers

C. higher income groups

D. both the second and third choice above

7. Among the reasons that the divorce rate has gone up in the United States is (are)

A. divorce is more accepted today than several decades ago

B. more women are able to work outside the home today

C. laws have made it easier to get divorced

D. all of the above

8. One of the most complete studies of family violence in the United States found that __________ of families reported violence between husbands and wives.

A. one-fourth

B. three-fourths

C. one percent

D. five percent

9. The percentage of families headed by a single parent has:

A. gone up during the 1990s but is still lower than the 1970s

B. continued to go up in the U.S. through the 1990s

C. has not changed during the 1990s

D. actually gone down during the 1990s

10. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Children raised in single parent families are more likely to have parents who had finished high school than do children living in two parent families.

B. Children raised in two parent families are more likely to have parents who had finished high school than do children living in single parent families.

C. There is no difference between the two types of families in parents’ high school completion rate.

D. There is one difference between the two types of families in parents’ high school completion rate.

11. According to which sociological perspective is the family the most important institution in all societies?

A. all of the above

B. functional theory

C. symbolic interaction theory

D. conflict theory

12. When explaining family problems today, which theory is more likely to focus on inequality and class differences in family problems?

A. conflict theory

B. symbolic interaction theory

C. functional theory

D. all of the above

13. Suicide is most common among:

A. Latinos

B. whites

C. blacks

D.Asian

14. Who argued that suicide rates are higher among people who are not part of supportive social groups?

A. Emile Durkheim

B. C. Wright Mills

C. Max Weber

D. Karl Marx

15. The impact of AIDS is most devastating in:

A. Africa

B. Asia

C. South America

D. North America

16. Mental disorder is:

A. a condition that makes it difficult or impossible for a person to cope with everyday life.

B. a label for those who violate certain kinds of social rules.

C. a condition that approximately 75% of Americans experience at some time in their lives

D. all of the above

E. the first and second choices above

17. Social class and psychological disorder are:

A. positively related

B. inversely related

C. not related

D. none of the above

18. Which factor has a bearing on one’s likelihood of experiencing a mental disorder?

A. gender

B. marital status

C. social class

D. all of the above

E. the second and third choices above

19. Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the role of ______________ in human behavior.

A. fear

B. family relationships

C. environment

D. unconscious desires

20. _______________ occurs when a parent gives a child two conflicting messages at the same time.

A. Trauma

B. Double bind

C. Split personality

D. Schizophrenia

21. ______________ means one woman bearing a child for another.

A. Alternative mothering

B. Compassionate mothering

C. Functional mothering

D. Surrogate mothering

22. _______________ is a medical approach that focuses on the overall health of the patient and not on individual symptoms.

A. Aroma therapy

B. Herbal therapy

C. Chemical detoxification

D. Holistic medicine

23. Without the use of contraceptives, how often would a sexually active woman in an agricultural society become pregnant?

A. once every four years

B. once every three years

C. once every two years

D. every year

24. The Koran, the holy book of Islam, allows:

A. both men and women to have multiple spouses

B. both men and women to have an equal number of spouses

C. men to have up to four wives, but limits women to have one husband

D. women to have multiple husbands, but limits men to have a single wife

25. Which of the following factors will explain the income gap between women and men?

A. the difference in type of job

B. the difference in tenure on the job

C. sexism and discrimination

D. all of the above

E. the first and third choices above

26. Which country has the most women lawmakers?

A. Germany

B. Sweden

C. United States

D. France

27. According to your text, which country has a higher percentage of top executives who are women?

A. Japan

B. Thailand

C. Germany

D. United States

28. Which of the following does not play an important role in shaping people’s gender role expectations?

A. organized religion

B. school

C. family

D. media

E. none of the above

29. In which type of society are relationships between men and women generally egalitarian?

A. early foraging societies

B. agrarian societies

C. industrial societies

D. none of the above

30. Sexual orientation is determined by:

A. biological factors

B. environmental factors

C. both of the above

D. no studies have identified factors for sexual orientation

31. People are least likely to be attacked or killed by:

A. relative

B. an acquaintance

C. a stranger

D. a friend

32. Which of the following is a murder?

A. killing enemies in wartime

B. killing in lawful-execution of a judicial sentence

C. killing in self-defense

D. none of the above

33. A rape that arises from social interaction between friends or acquaintances is known as:

A. a date rape

B. a spur-of-the-moment rape

C. an unintentional rape

D. none of the above

34. Which of the following is not a violent crime?

A. robbery

B. assault

C. rape

D. murder

E. none of the above

35. Which of the following is a property crime?

A. burglary

B. theft

C. arson

D. fraud

E. all of the above

36. Which of the following is an example of a victimless crime?

A. prostitution

B. gambling

C. the use of illicit drugs

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

37. Who is least likely to commit a white-collar crime?

A. a person with a high social status

B. someone from a lower class

C. a well respected individual

D. all of the above

38. In what kind of crime has there been the least increase in the arrest rate for women?

A. embezzlement

B. fraud

C. larceny

D. robbery

39. Which ethnic group has lower-than-average arrest rates?

A. African-Americans

B. Latinos

C. Jews

D. Native Americans

E. none of the above

40. What is the size of the world population?

A. 4.9 billion

B. 9 billion

C. 6 billion

D. 5.6 billion

41. The pace of population growth has:

A. stabilized

B. been the same across different parts of the world

C. slowed in recent years

D. accelerated in recent years

42. According to the theory of demographic transition, what patterns of birth rates and death rates can be observed in the three distinctive stages of population growth?

A. Stage 1: High birth rates, High death rates
Stage 2: Low birth rates, High death rates
Stage 3: Low birth rates, Low death rates

B. Stage 1: Low birth rates, High death rates
Stage 2: High birth rates, Low death rates
Stage 3: Low birth rates, Low death rates

C. Stage 1: High birth rates, High death rates
Stage 2: High birth rates, Low death rates
Stage 3: Low birth rates, Low death rates

43. Among industrial nations, which country emits the most carbon dioxide per person?

A. Japan

B. Britain

C. United States

D. Germany

44. The single greatest source of air pollution in North America is:

A. trash burning

B. transportation

C. chemical plants

D. oil refineries

45. According to your text, what percent of the 70,000 chemicals in commercial use have been adequately tested?

A. 30%

B. 10%

C. 50%

D. 20%

46. Among industrial nations, which country uses more energy per person?

A. United States

B. Japan

C. Canada

D. France

47. Which is an example of renewable energy?

A. wood

B. oil

C. coal

D. natural gas

48. What percent of the world’s energy comes from oil and natural gas?

A. about 40%

B. about one-half

C. over 60%

D. approximately one-third

49. Which country has the lowest energy cost of any industrial nation in the world, and produces the most air pollution?

A. Japan

B. Britain

C. Germany

D. United States

50. According to the Gallup International Millennium Survey,

A. the majority of the people surveyed felt that their government was not doing enough to deal with environment problems.

B. the majority of the people surveyed were satisfied with the environmental conditions in their country.

C. the majority of the people surveyed felt that economic growth was more important than environmental protection.

D. all of the above

51. Among the reasons for the growth in formal education in modern societies were:

A. development of school for the transmission of knowledge

B. increasing demand for highly skilled labor force

C. the need for customs and traditions to be taught at specialized institutions

D. a and b of the above

E. all of the above

52. Examples of cultural capital include:

A. knowing how to play the violin or cello

B. playing baseball

C. attending ballet classes

D. a and c of the above

E. all of the above

53. According to the Coleman report, disadvantaged students did ________ when they were in the same classes with middle-class students

A. poorly

B. twice as well

C. the same

D. better

54. It is estimated that ____________ Americans are functionally illiterate.

A. 3 million

B. 15 million

C. 30 million

D. 9 million

55. What is the conclusion shown by research on programs such as Head Start?

A. Such programs significantly improve the performance of the underprivileged students.

B. The benefits of such programs tend to diminish after students finish them.

C. The benefits of such programs become more apparent later because students who were enrolled in these programs tend to go to college.

D. a and b of the above

E. None of the above

56. The United States has more mandatory school days than:

A. Japan

B. Canada

C. Germany

D. none of the above

57. Supporters of _____________ movement recommend that parents keep their children home and teach them themselves

A. involved schooling

B. college for kids

C. home shooling

D. local parent school

58. A hidden function performed by a social institution or agency is called:

A. the manifest function

B. the latent function

C. the implied function

D. the secret function

59.______________ argue that the economic and political elites use the schools to help maintain the status quo and the privileges those group enjoy.

A. Functional theorists

B. Interactionist theorists

C. Feminist theorists

D. Conflict theorists

60. Which of the following are least likely to finish high school?

A. African American

B. whites

C. Latino

D. Asian American